Ferrochrome slag (FCS) is a by-product of ferrochrome industries and is produced during the extraction of ferrochrome from chromite ore. The chemical composition of FCS comprises of 27–33% SiO 2, 15–25% Al 2 O 3, 20–35% MgO, and 10–15% iron-chromium compounds.The high chromium content of FCS and the possibility of its leaching into the …
It is actually noted that Southern Africa has the largest resource of metallurgical grade chromite ore in the world. A substantial amount of these reserves lie along the Great Dyke in Zimbabwe (Mashanyare and Guest, 1997).A smelting technique is used to create ferrochrome alloys from chromite ores, and for every tonne of ferrochrome alloy produced, about 1.2 …
The submerged arc furnace has been widely used in the ferroalloy industry and has great energy saving potential. [] In the ferrochrome production, ore is smelted by a three-phase submerged arc furnace. [] Friedrich et al. [] indicated that the inner part of the submerged arc furnace consists of the self-baked Soderberg electrodes, arc, furnace charge, slag, alloy, …
Gravitas is an established company that is inspired by innovation and passion in processing of coal and mineral fines. We are a customer centric company, that create value for the mining industry by developing and providing process technologies and systems that efficiently convert waste-to-value.
1. Collecting samples: A representative sample is collected from the chromite ore deposit to ensure that the sample is representative and covers the characteristics of the entire deposit. 2. Ore property analysis: Carry out the …
The variation of basicity from 0.5 to 0.7 had little impact on metal composition but significantly impacted metal recovery. Slag basicity of 0.6 was suitable for obtaining a …
The preprocessing of the run-of-mine ore to produce concentrates and pellets is clearly targeted at enhancing the reduction characteristics of the ore to ensure maximum reduction takes place through gaseous reduction. The effects of preprocessing on the kinetics of reduction have been reported in a number of studies [24-29].
Ferrochrome is ferroalloys composed of chromium and iron. Ferrochrome is an important alloy addictive for steelmaking. The addition of chromium can significantly improve the corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance of steel, increase wear resistance, and maintain high-temperature strength. ... The raw materials used are chrome ore, coke ...
Ferrochrome production is a high energy intensive process consuming around 3000 to 3500 kWh/t of electrical energy. Ferrochrome is produced by smelting of different grades of chromite ore with coke and fluxing agents such as lime, dolomite, and quartz in a submerged arc furnace (SAF). Apart from the production of ferrochrome, co-products that are produced …
Under threat now is the industry's support for another 68 000 jobs, a R41-billion contribution to the GDP and R14-billion to Eskom. Direct employment lost in the past five years totals 1 139 jobs.
Cr recovery refers to the % of Cr recovered from chromite ores (the remaining % Cr is ejected in the slag phase). SEC is defined as the amount of energy (kWh) required to produce 1 ton of FeCr. EoS indicates the maximum size of a furnace concerning energy …
Chromium has a wide range of applications, including as an alloy addition in various steels and also as a corrosion resistance coating. Carbothermal reduction of chromite ore (FeCr 2 O 4) in a submerged arc furnace is an important industrial process for extracting chromium, but the energy consumption is excessive.It is suggested that one area for future …
Ferrochrome slag is a by-product of the production of ferro-chrome alloy, an essential component in stainless steel. The conventional process of ferrochrome making involves the carbothermic reduction of chromite ore where around 1.2–1.5 tons of slag containing approximately 8–12% of chromium oxide is generated per ton of hot metal (Jena and …
Processing resource requirements in mineral extractive industries tend to increase over time as ore grades decrease, which consequently increases the environmental footprint of operations and products. This phenomenon may be alleviated by cleaner production interventions. South Africa is the largest global supplier of chromium. This study investigates the impact of …
The conventional process of ferrochrome making involves the carbothermic reduction of chromite ore where around 1.2–1.5 tons of slag containing approximately 8–12% …
recovery of titanium in ferro chrome slag - phn-france. Ferrochrome Slag Recovery Technology In IndiaFerrochrome smelting with OPK™ Preheating Kilnfor maximum heat energy recovery and Slag granulation Ferrochrome casting Slag as well as ferro chrome slag -recovery of titanium in ferro chrome slag-,Ferrochrome ore crusher priceFerrochrome FeCr ...
These tests show that use of chromium ore briquettes has a number of technological advantages. When using briquettes instead of ore, there is a reduction in …
DOI: 10.37190/ppmp/119016 Corpus ID: 216273903; Mineralogical characterisation and separation studies on the recovery of Cr2O3 in the high carbon ferrochrome slag @article{Chang2020MineralogicalCA, title={Mineralogical characterisation and separation studies on the recovery of Cr2O3 in the high carbon ferrochrome slag}, …
Supply of world chromite (chrome ore) has come under severe pressure over the past year driven by strong demand for ferrochrome used in ferroalloy production for making stainless steel. Many of the strategic minerals are inputs into products in fast-changing markets. ... Similarly, maximum Cr 2 O 3 recovery of 46.73% can be achieved at the same ...
Unlock the secrets of chrome enrichment! Explore the science behind wash plants, where raw ore transforms into valuable concentrate. Discover how Oreways partners with South African producers to maximize chrome recovery and quality.
Direct reduction of chromite (DRC) is a promising alternative process for ferrochrome production with the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption and …
Recovery of a chromite concentrate from UG2 flotation tailings streams, of a grade suitable for further pyrometallurgical treatment for the production of ferrochrome, has certain specific ...
Idiomorphic chromite is the only ore mineral appearing in economic quantities. The average content of the ore is 26% Cr 2 O 3 and the Cr/Fe ratio is 1.55. The Kemi chromium mine is an open-pit mine with a waste rock to ore ratio of 5.5:1. At Kemi, the ore from the mine contains 11% iron and 25.5% Cr 2 O 3.
Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of the leaching process were also investigated as these are critical factors for maximum extraction of the Mg. The results showed that the highest recovery of Mg of 88.2% was obtained from FCS using 5 M HCl with a solid to liquid ratio of 1:10, mixing intensity of 250 rpm, reaction time and temperature of 150 ...
In 2020, global ferrochrome production was 12.7 million tonnes in which China, South Africa and Kazakhstan rank as the top three producers. 14 Chromite (FeCr 2 O 4) ore is today the only economical chromium resource that contains about 45%Cr 2 O 3.It is extracted by either open-pit or underground method. 15 HC FeCr is typically produced by a carbothermic …
Cost analysis of chrome ore reduction is one of the important issues facing ferrochrome producers in today's competitive environment. Much of this depends on quality and various ratios in the actual ore. The latter can have a direct bearing on electricity consumption and optimum efficiency of the furnaces. While the industry has been successful in reducing costs by …
Ferrochrome is usually produced by the reduction of chromite ore in a submerged arc or direct current furnace. The production process generates a large quantity of flue dust that contains potentially valuable components, such as ferrochrome, iron and carbides. In many instances, valuable chromite minerals are misplaced in the flue dust along with the slag forming minerals …
This study examined the effects of acid content, leaching temperature, and reaction time on the recovery of Mg from FCS. Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of the leaching …