The effect of leaching temperature upon ilmenite dissolution was studied in the range of 50 to 90 °C, while the other leaching conditions were fixed at 4 M acid in 1:5 w/v solid/liquid ratio for 4 h. The results obtained are shown in Fig. 2. It indicates that the amount of iron leached is directly correlated with temperature up to 90 °C.
Subsequently, the combustion product is subjected to acid leaching with nitric acid, in which NaCl, MgO and Mg can be readily dissolved, leading to the isolation of FeTi. It has been revealed that FeTi is obtained as the major phase when the acid leaching is carried out at low temperatures (40 °C), where Fe 3 Ti 3 O also exists as a minor phase.
Overall acid consumptions of ores under the optimum conditions were 669 kg H2SO4/ton dry ore for nontronite and 714 kg H2SO4/ton dry ore for limonite.Multi-step leaching experiments which included ...
Structural changes of mechanically activated titanaugite were investigated systematically using X-ray diffraction, particle size analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The hydrochloric acid leaching behavior of mechanically activated titanaugite and ilmenite single minerals and their mixtures also was studied. The results show that with increasing milling …
In this paper, the beneficiation of rejected phosphate washing sludges (Ps) was investigated using acid leaching methods. Chemical analysis showed that these sludges are a low-grade ore (15.84% P2O5).
The water leaching filter cake was put into a three-neck flask for the sulfuric acid leaching process, and dilute sulfuric acid was used as leaching agent. After leaching was completed, the slurry was immediately vacuum filtered. The dilute leachate was sent to ICP analysis to calculate the leaching rate of elemental zinc.
2.2.1. Acid Leaching Dephosphorization The raw ore was ground to a specific particle size for the sulfuric acid leaching experiments. This procedure was accomplished using the XMQ 240 690 ball ...
Primary beneficiation was successfully performed prior to dissolution of manganotantalite (sample A) and ferrotantalite (sample C) samples obtained from two different mines in the Naquissupa area, Mozambique. Magnetic separation removed the majority of iron and titanium, whereas H2SO4 leaching removed a large portion of thorium and uranium in …
To date, acid decomposition of eudialyte has been extensively studied [7,8,12,13,14].Sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) is considered to be the best candidate for Zr leaching from the eudialyte or eudialyte residue after REE extraction.However, the leaching process is not selective, so many impurities remain in the sulfuric acid leach solution; such as sodium, iron, and aluminum …
This research attempts to explain these aims with a review of recent articles on ilmenite leaching, which means accelerating iron extraction and Ti dissolving to obtain a high content of TiO 2 in the final process with low …
Roasting of ilmenite with ZnO or ZnS converts acid resistant FeTiO 3 to more reactive Fe 2 O 3 and Zn 2 TiO 4, resulting in enhanced leaching. Roasting FeTiO 3 with ZnS …
These beneficiation processes of ilmenite generate considerable quantities of wastes primarily in the form of iron salt, iron oxide and acidic effluents. Therefore, it is important that recovery …
Abstract The article presents the results of generalization of known information on various methods of enrichment of low-grade phosphate raw materials in the world. Based on the review of literature materials, scientists propose several methods of enrichment: mechanical, calcination at high temperatures, flotation, chemical enrichment with various acids and salts. …
The omnipresence of valuable mineral resources plays a pivotal role in economic development, with coal and gold mining being historically perceived as the backbone of the economy and the main driver of economic growth in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) (Berenbaum et al., 2019; Haldar, 2018; Masindi et al., 2021).Due to its high calorific value, …
Organic acids are selective leaching agents for the beneficiation of low grade phosphate rock, depending on the reaction conditions, nature and size of the particles.Although organic acids are promising leaching agents, there are some restrictions in the selection of the organic acids and this beneficiation method has some drawbacks that should ...
The vast application base of lithium-ion batteries and subsequent production will inevitably lead to a large number of spent lithium-ion batteries after their useful life. Recycling of the spent lithium-ion batteries is an essential route to safeguard the environment and to have a sustainable supply of valuable metals contained by these batteries. This paper explores two …
The present scenario has urged the necessity to beneficiate and extract lithium from the available resources judiciously. Pegmatites constitute the second major economic resource of lithium, after brines, accounting for about 25% of global production [14].The lithium-bearing minerals, hosted by the pegmatite rocks, include spodumene, lepidolite, petalite, amblygonite, …
MS is usually applied in combination with an adjunct process such as GC (Alabi et al. 2016;Berhe et al. 2017;Nete et al. 2014) or aqueous leaching (Nete et al. 2014) for proper beneficiation ...
This paper summarizes the current research status of organic acid and inorganic acid leaching recovery of lead-zinc tailings. The purpose is to provide reference for the research on the recovery of valuable metals from lead-zinc tailings by acid leaching in China 2. Lead-zinc Tailings Organic Acid Leaching. 2.1. Citric acid leaching
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This study investigated the recovery of nickel from tailings (0.2% Ni) obtained in a chromite beneficiation plant using H2SO4 leaching followed by oxalic acid precipitation. The tailings were characterized using mineral liberation analysis. Ni was found as Fe-Ni, Fe-Ni-Co sulfide minerals, which were encapsulated in serpentine, olivine, pyroxene and clinochlore. …
It is preferred that before the acid leaching, the iron content of metallurgical bauxite can be brought down by physical beneficiation processes, such as the high intensity wet magnetic separation and reduction roasting followed by magnetic separation, so that minimum HCl can be used in bringing down Fe 2 O 3 below 2.5%. On a similar concept ...
A leaching exploration test shows that the TiO2 grade of the flotation concentrate can be improved to 53.90%. XRD analyses reveal that the ilmenite in the VTM ore is converted into anatase and rutile during the …
wide applications. Transformation of ilmenite to dierent titanium based materials by strong and weak acid, and base digestion, is discussed. Eects of temperature, concentration of acid/base, reaction time on dissolution of ilmenite are extensively reviewed. Characterization of the starting materials, intermediates and the products by x-ray ...
The optimum conditions for first stage leaching were 70 g/L solid–liquid (S/L) ratio at 40°C for 30 minutes, and 2.0 M sulfuric acid, 100 g/L S/L ratio, 7 g/L starch, at 85°C for 120 minutes ...
The optimum condition of the leaching of manganese concentrate obtained for the sulfuric acid concentration as 4 M H2SO4, for the hydrogen peroxide concentration as 1 M H2O2, the liquid/solid mass ratio as 20:1, the leaching temperature was 40°C, the leaching time as 90 min, and the stirring speed as 300 rpm.
The results indicate that alkaline roasting pre-treatment of the ilmenite ore can transform acid-resistant FeTiO 3 into more reactive Na 2 TiO 3 and NaFeO 2, which are more …
Beneficiation of anatase ores to 65 wt% TiO 2 3.1.1. Mineral dressing of anatase ores. Chao ... Analytical data in Table 4 for the concentrate and leached products indicate that acid leaching before the alkali leach removed appreciable amounts of aluminium, phosphorus and calcium, and some of the rare earths. When the caustic leach was applied ...
Ore Pretreatment or Beneficiation. ... Extensive testing, economic studies, and environmental considerations will decide the final process choices. ... Acid leaching alternative. Alkaline leaching alternative. Daily tons of ore. 1,000 to 10,000. 1,000 …
Sulfuric acid causes less corrosion and can extract titanium from low grade titanium sources, although it generates a high amount of solid and acid waste. Leaching in weak acids like citric acid requires low acid concentration. This process extracts more titanium than …
Frequently optimizations of chemical processes are presented in terms of the maximization of fractional conversion, but the primary concern when implementing a process is much more likely to be the economic viability. These are distinct optima that tend to occur at very different points. It was the purpose of this paper to integrate leaching experimental data with cost analysis to …